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Interview | Lukas Ruetz about IFALP

Initiative for a standardized avalanche forecast throughout the Alps

10/12/2020
Eliane Droemer
The Initiative for a Uniform Avalanche Forecast throughout the Alps - IFALP - would like to see situation reports no longer stop at national borders. PG columnist Lukas Ruetz is committed to IFALP and we took the opportunity to find out more about how IFALP came about and what the initiators want for the future of avalanche warning in the Alps. An interview by Eliane Droemer:

ED: How did your IFALP initiative come about?

LR: Our initiative actually came about around a beer table. It was initially a loose blogger meeting organized by Markus Stadler.

Markus Stadler, who moderates the "Avalanches" Facebook group?

Yes, exactly. He's a well-known author of guidebook literature from Rosenheim and he organized a meeting of winter sports bloggers and alpine journalists. We spent a nice weekend brainstorming about where there were synergies or what projects we could start together.

When was that?

That was in April 2019. We got down to business straight away. We thought about how to set up the website, how to word it and what the right approach would be, for example: "We want more cooperation in avalanche warning" instead of "We demand...".

The joint avalanche report from the Tyrol - South Tyrol - Trentino Euregio project was very well received. There are definitely regions that are interested in joining. Others, on the other hand, prefer to continue modernizing their avalanche reports on their own. The whole thing seems to be highly political and very labor-intensive. How can it work?

The basic idea is to make politicians and the public aware that there is room for improvement. Because we believe that normal ski tourers and freeriders are aware that there are big differences in quality. But that they themselves do not actively come up with the idea of pointing out the urgency of this problem and thus building up pressure so that improvements can be made here.

We do not want to explicitly specify what it could look like. Even if, in my opinion, the new Euregio Avalanche Report is the new benchmark. The system is open source. It would be relatively easy for everyone to adopt and no one would be left out in the cold. We say: work better together. That would be our wish!

In particular, we would like to encourage politicians to make more resources available. This is the only way for them to recognize that a large part of the sporting population is behind this and finally wants to see greater progress in what is actually such a simple problem. In a Europe that is already working together on so many levels...

At the moment, some countries are still cooking their own soup. In Italy, for example, there are two different situation reports for one region. One from AINEVA and one from Meteomont/Carabinieri. On the same day, they issue different reports for the same region, sometimes with different levels!

That's why it's so important that every ski tourer talks about it. And if they can identify with it, support the initiative.

The EAWS, i.e. the European Association of Avalanche Warning Services, is the executive body here. The avalanche warning services know exactly where there is a problem or where there is potential for development. The will to cooperate is largely there. The problem is not so much that some people want to do their own thing. It mainly fails because there is a lack of money and staff. In Carinthia, for example, there is one (!) avalanche warden who is more or less on his own. For an area in the high mountains with thousands of active winter sports enthusiasts and guests. If it fails, what happens then?

The EU has made a large sum of money available for the Euregio project to set up the infrastructure and IT and to find good employees. Compare' the websites of various avalanche warning services. Many are not only outdated for 2020, but an antique.

So you want to create a kind of pressure from below that first raises awareness and then hopefully leads to action on the part of those responsible?

Exactly. A gentle pressure that leads to the winter sports community saying as one: We want this, please implement it better. So that the gentle pressure can lead to constructive work. That's why the whole thing is designed to last several years. However, we are aware that nothing will come of it and everything could come to nothing.

Although all European warning services refer to the so-called European Danger Scale, there are still striking differences in its application, according to the IFALP website. Can you give an example of this?

There is a very good example that is scientifically sound. A study led by Frank Techel from the Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF. The study was published in 2018 at the ISSW (editor's noteInternational Snow Science Workshop) in Innsbruck. The situation reports from the entire Alpine arc were evaluated over several years. For example, how often which warning level has been issued or what the average warning level is. When comparing very similar geographical and climatological starting conditions, above all on the French-Swiss-Italian border, it was found that the French issued avalanche warning levels 4 and 5 much more frequently, whereas the others issued a 3. And vice versa, that a 1 was very rarely awarded when we had avalanche warning level 1. The award criteria are defined. This clearly shows how differently the definition is interpreted.

What do you mean by your demand for "similar processes in the generation of the avalanche forecast"? In many respects, the processes are similar, but in some they differ greatly. The avalanche warning services take different approaches. Some, for example, practically never go into the terrain and hardly ever dig snow profiles! I think that, depending on the situation, an LWD should be able to record current snow profiles from its assessment areas at least once a week or have them available. If everyone at least proceeds in a similar way, then it will be even more consistent. For example, every warning officer should be forced to use the EAWS matrix for every hazard level determination. And when it comes to field work, we are back to resources: most LWDs simply lack the time and money to carry out regular and adequate field work.

Are there any concrete next steps that you want to take to increase the "soft pressure" from below?

We are not yet so well networked with France and Italy in particular. We still need support there. The whole thing has emerged from the DACH region (Editor's note, Germany, Austria, Switzerland).
In order to reach the masses, big players like Alpine associations are important. We are already in talks with them. You have to proceed very carefully. Because it should be perceived as positive support and not as criticism of the avalanche warning services. As winter sports enthusiasts, we want to build up pressure on politicians with the focus on this: We need better resources and better cooperation to further reduce the number of deaths. So far, the feedback from the warning services that I know personally has been: "That will be difficult. But it's cool that you've put this together".

On the IFALP website, you can also find the illustrative information pyramid, according to which the most important information should be presented first in the situation report. Which of the six levels of the pyramid should the ski tourer remember in particular?

Everyone should always read everything to get used to the terms, from complete beginners to professionals. In the beginning, it's like a foreign language. For beginners, I recommend using a strategy such as stop or go or the avalanche mantra to assess the risk on site. Once you have the basic knowledge and learn how to use it, you can work much better with the descriptions.

Thank you and have fun in the snow!

Lukas (27) from Sellrain in Tyrol is an observer from the Tyrolean avalanche warning service, a member of the avalanche commission and a real snow mule with around 140 ski tours per season and almost as many profiles dug. On his blog lukasruetz.at, in the column "SnowFlurry" on PowderGuide.com and especially in his lectures, you can learn about avalanche awareness in a clear and practical way. If you want to get inconspicuous tour tips from him, head to the Berggasthof Ruetz in St. Sigmund.

Exkurs Observers from the LWD:

In Tyrol, there are around 30 observers from the avalanche warning service. On the one hand, there are the stationary ones, who have been responsible for the daily statistical continuation of the data for decades. Others like Lukas, but also mountain guides or employees of ski resorts, report avalanches, dig snow profiles and carry out accident analyses. You can read more about how an LWD works, using Tyrol as an example, here

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