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Interview | Lukas Ruetz about IFALP

Initiative for a standardised avalanche forecast throughout the Alps

by Eliane Droemer 10/12/2020
The Initiative for an Alpine-wide standardised avalanche forecast - IFALP - would like to see situation reports no longer stop at national borders. PG columnist Lukas Ruetz is committed to IFALP. We took the opportunity to find out more about how IFALP came about and what the initiators want for the future of avalanche warning in the Alps. An interview by Eliane Droemer:

ED: How did your IFALP initiative come about?

LR: Our initiative actually started at the beer table. It was initially a loose blogger meeting organised by Markus Stadler.

Markus Stadler, who moderates the "Avalanches" Facebook group?

Yes, exactly. He's a well-known author of guide books from Rosenheim and he organised a meeting of winter sports bloggers and alpine journalists. We spent a nice weekend together, brainstorming where there are synergies or what projects we could start together.

When was that?

That was in April 2019, and we got straight down to business. We thought about how to structure the website, how to word it and what the right approach would be, for example: "We would like to see more cooperation in avalanche warning" instead of "We demand...".

The joint avalanche report of the Euregio project Tyrol - South Tyrol - Trentino has been well received. There are definitely regions that are interested in joining. Others, on the other hand, prefer to continue modernising their avalanche reports on their own. The whole thing seems to be highly political and very labour-intensive. How can that work?

The basic idea is to make politicians and the public aware that there is room for improvement. We believe that normal ski tourers and freeriders are aware that there are big differences in quality. However, they themselves do not actively come up with the idea of pointing out the urgency of this problem. Thus not building up the pressure in order to make improvements.

We don't want to explicitly specify what it might look like. Even if, in my opinion, the new Euregio Avalanche Report is the new benchmark. The system is open source. It would be relatively easy for everyone to join and no one would be left out in the cold. We say: work better together. That would be our wish!

Above all, we want to encourage politicians to make more resources available. This is the only way for them to recognise that a large part of the sporting population is behind this and finally wants to see greater progress in what is actually such a simple problem. In a Europe that already works together on so many levels...

At the moment, some regions are still cooking their own little soup. In Italy, for example, there are two different situation reports for one region. One from the AINEVA and one from the Meteomont/Carabinieri. On the same day, they issue different reports for the same region, sometimes with different levels!

That's why it's very important that every ski tourer talks about it. And if they can identify with it, support the initiative.

The EAWS, i.e. the European Association of Avalanche Warning Services, is the executive body here. The avalanche warning services know exactly where there is a problem or where there is potential for development. The will to co-operate is largely there. The problem is not because some people want to do their own thing. It mainly fails because there is a lack of money and staff. In Carinthia, for example, there is one (!) avalanche warden who is more or less on his own. For an area in the high mountains with thousands of active winter sports enthusiasts and guests. What happens if it fails?

A large sum has been made available by the EU for the Euregio project to set up infrastructure and IT in order to find good employees and compare the websites of various avalanche warning services. Many of them are not only outdated for 2020, they are antiques.

So you want to create a kind of pressure from below, which will first raise awareness and then hopefully lead to action on the part of those responsible?

Exactly. Gentle pressure that leads to the winter sports community saying as one: we want this, please implement it better. So that the gentle pressure can lead to constructive work. That's why the whole thing is designed to last several years. However, we are aware that nothing could come of it and everything could come to nothing. 

Although all European warning services refer to the so-called European Danger Scale, there are still striking differences in its application, according to the IFALP website. Can you give an example of this?

A good example of this that is scientifically sound is study led by Frank Techel from the Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF. The study was published in 2018 at the ISSW (editor's note International Snow Science Workshop) in Innsbruck. The situation reports from the entire Alpine arc were analysed over several years. For example, how often which warning level was issued or what the average warning level is. When comparing very similar geographical and climatological starting conditions, especially on the French-Swiss-Italian border, it was found that the French issued avalanche warning levels 4 and 5 much more frequently, whereas the others issued a 3. And vice versa, that a 1 was very rarely awarded when we had avalanche warning level 1. The award criteria are defined. This clearly shows how differently the definition  is interpreted.

What do you mean by your demand for "similar processes in the generation of avalanche forecasts"?

This refers to how the avalanche situation report is actually created and how the avalanche warning services assign the warning level. In many respects, the processes are similar, but in some they differ greatly. The avalanche warning services take different approaches. Some, for example, practically never go into the terrain and hardly ever dig snow profiles! I think that, depending on the situation, an LWD (Avalanche warning service worker) should be able to record current snow profiles from its assessment areas at least once a week or have them available. If everyone at least proceeds in a similar way, then it will be even more consistent. For example, every warning officer should be forced to use the EAWS matrix for every hazard level determination. And when it comes to field work, we are back to resources: most LWDs simply lack the time and money to carry out regular and adequate field work.

Are there any concrete next steps that you want to take to increase the "gentle pressure" from below?

We are not yet so well networked with France and Italy in particular. We still need support there. The whole thing emerged from the DACH region (Editor's note, Germany, Austria, Switzerland).
In order to reach the masses, major players such as Alpine associations are important. We are already in talks with them. You have to proceed very carefully. Because it should be perceived as positive support and not as criticism of the avalanche warning services. As winter sports enthusiasts, we want to put pressure on the politicians with the focus on this: We need better resources and better co-operation in order to further reduce the number of deaths. So far, the feedback from the warning services that I know personally has been: "That will be difficult. But it's cool that you've organised this".

On the IFALP website you will also find the illustrative information pyramid, according to which the most important information should be presented first in the situation report. Which of the six levels of the pyramid should the ski tourer remember in particular?

Everyone should always read everything to familiarise themselves with the terminology, from complete beginners to professionals. It's like a foreign language at the beginning. For beginners, I recommend using a strategy such as stop or go or the avalanche mantra to assess the risks on site. Once you have the basic knowledge and learn how to use it, you can work much better with the descriptions. 

Thank you and have fun in the snow!

Lukas (27) from Sellrain in Tyrol is an observer from the Tyrolean avalanche warning service, a member of the avalanche commission and a real snow mule with around 140 ski tours per season and almost as many dug profiles. On his blog lukasruetz.at, in the column "SchneeGestöber" on Powderguide.com and especially in his lectures, you can learn about avalanche awareness in a clear and practical way. If you want to get inconspicuous tour tips from him, stay at the Berggasthof Ruetz in St. Sigmund. 

Excursion observer from LWD:

There are around 30 avalanche warning service observers in Tyrol. On the one hand, there are the stationary ones, who have been responsible for the daily statistical continuation of the data for decades. Others, such as Lukas, but also mountain guides or employees of ski resorts, report avalanches, dig snow profiles and carry out accident analyses. You can read more about how an LWD works, using Tyrol as an example, here.

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