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WeatherBlog 11 2018/2019 | Genoa low and greetings from the polar vortex

Still chilly in the Alps, the WeatherBlog is freezing overseas.

by Lea Hartl 01/23/2019
The Alpine region is still under the influence of a high-altitude trough filled with cold, polar air masses, while the Azores High is trying to build up off the European Atlantic coast. Today, Wednesday, a low pressure system will slip from the British Isles towards the Mediterranean and "drip", i.e. leave the main current to remain in the Mediterranean for a while as a genoa low.

In terms of snow, this is primarily interesting for the extreme southwest, i.e. the Maritime Alps and Co. It's also snowing a little in the rest of the Southern Alps, but only a little. The snowfall should subside everywhere in the course of Thursday. Friday will tend to be cloudy and a few snowflakes in the east and sunnier in the west. Saturday also looks quite sunny from today's perspective, Sunday then more mixed.

Look at the polar vortex

A major warming upset the stratosphere at the beginning of the year. The effects of something like this on the troposphere, where our weather takes place, are sometimes quite mysterious, but such a disturbance in the stratosphere tends to be followed sooner or later by a disturbed polar vortex in the troposphere. This has been on the horizon for the end of the month for a while now. At the moment, the models do not see a smooth split into two parts, but a kind of triumvirate of low pressure centers, each over eastern Canada, Scandinavia and Siberia. Although this would not necessarily bring Central Europe the temporary ice age predicted here and there, it would bring persistently cool weather of a wintry character. In this scenario, however, it would be unusually warm - one could almost call it "hot" - in Alaska and over the Arctic Ocean north of the Alaskan coast.

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When the powder is too dry

At the moment, however, the WeatherBlog is dealing with other problems in its current more-or-less adopted home of Interior Alaska: It's too cold to ski. With some surprise, the WeatherBlog realizes that this doesn't mean you can't ski because you run the risk of freezing to death. This is part of everyday life in this country and should not be seen as a particular problem. It's more about the fact that the snow is so dull that it's just not really fun to slide around on it.

The situation with ski bases and snow is as follows: the friction created by the contact between skis and snow (it's actually primarily the sliding friction and not, as is often assumed, the pressure exerted by the skier's weight) produces heat, and this in turn produces a thin film of water on which we glide, even at temperatures below zero. Too much water, for example in spring when the snow temperature is 0°C, is bad. Then the skis (or the capillary forces on the base) start to absorb water and the well-known unpleasant sticky effect occurs. The water film is best suited for sliding at around -3°C - in this temperature range, friction is able to increase the snow temperature just enough to provide the optimum amount of water. When the snow is colder, the amount of water decreases and at some point, as is currently the case with the WeatherBlog on the local mountain, there is virtually no water at all and the skis simply won't slide, no matter how well you wax. And yes, scientists are researching this. Both in the laboratory with so-called tribometers and with skiers on the slopes.

The aforementioned local mountain is a small ski area in the spirit of this article. The only lift is an antique two-seater chair that takes around 20 minutes to cover 400 meters in altitude. Thanks to frequent, impressive inversions, it is often 20° warmer up here than in the village. If it's -40°C in the village and there's a bit of wind on the hill, it's still rather chilly. Depending on the wind chill, the ski area sometimes stays closed so that nobody freezes to death in the lift.

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